Tag: Norbert Wiener – The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society
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Norbert Wiener on Information as a Commodity
I am writing this book primarily for Americans in whose environment questions of information will be evaluated according to a standard American crierion: a thing is valuable as a commodity for what it will bring in the open market. This is the official doctrine of an orthodoxy which it is becoming more and more perilous…
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Norbert Wiener on Information and the Scientific Approach
When we consider a problem of nature such as that of atomic reactions and atomic explosives, the largest single item of information which we can make public is that they exist. Once a scientist attacks a problem which he knows to have an answer, his entire attitude is changed. He is already some fifty percent…
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Norbert Wiener on Power and Presence
Where a man’s word goes, and where his power of perception goes, to that point his control and in a sense his physical existence is extended. To see and to give commands to the whole world is almost the same as being everywhere. Norbert Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society
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Norbert Wiener on Using Statistics to Emulate Language
One may get a remarkable semblance of a language like English by taking a sequence of words, or pairs of words, or triads of words, according to the statistical frequency with which they occur in the language, and the gibberish thus obtained will have a remarkably persuasive similarity to good English. This meaningless simulacrum of…
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Norbert Wiener on Feedback vs Learning
Feedback is a method of controlling a system by reinserting into it the results of its past performance. If these results are merely used as numerical data for the criticism of the system and its regulation, we have the simple feedback of control engineers. If, however, the information which proceeds backward from the performance is…
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Norbert Wiener on Structure and Performance
Cybernetics takes the view that the structure of the machine or organism is an index of the performance that may be expected from it. Norbert Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings, Cybernetics and Society
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Norbert Wiener on the Environment, Progress
What many of us fail to realize is that the last four hundred years are a highly special period in the history of the world. The pace at which changes during these years have taken place is unexampled in earlier history, as is the very nature of these changes. This is partly the result of…
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Norbert Wiener on Entropy’s End Game
In a very real sense we are shipwrecked passengers on a doomed planet. Yet even in a shipwreck, human decencies and values do not necessarily vanish, and we must make the most of them. We shall go down, but let it be in a manner which we may look forward to as worthy of our…
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Norbert Wiener on the Probability and Entropy of Information
Messages are themselves a form of pattern and organization. Indeed, it is possible to treat sets of messages as having entropy like sets of states in the external world. Just as entropy is a measure of the disorganization, the information carried by a set of messages is a measure of organization. In fact, it is…